Почтовый сервер Postfix, Dovecot — различия между версиями

Текущая версия на 22:50, 6 марта 2022

При установке будем ориентироваться на этот мануал: http://dummyluck.com/page/pochtovyi_server_nastroika_opisanie
Настройку будем производить для сервера с одним доменом. Система Debian Stretch

1. Подготовка
Прописываем хостнейм /etc/hostname
mail.megapuper.ru

Делаем изменения в хостах /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1         localhost
109.172.52.114	  megapuper.ru
109.172.52.114    mail.megapuper.ru

Создаём пользователя и группу для виртуальных почтовых ящиков

# useradd -u 20003 -d /dev/null -s /bin/false vmail
# usermod -aG vmail vmail

2. Установка Nginx, MySQL, PHP. Этот web-сервер будет использоваться с PostfixAdmin

Здесь коротко, ибо уже тыщу раз ставилось)

Nginx cтавим из пакетов

# apt install nginx

Основной конфиг примерно такой/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user www-data;
worker_processes 2;

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
 worker_connections  4096;
 multi_accept on;
 use epoll;
}
http {
 include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
 default_type  application/octet-stream;
 sendfile on;
 tcp_nopush on;
 tcp_nodelay on;
 keepalive_requests 100;
 keepalive_timeout  5;
 variables_hash_max_size 1024;
 variables_hash_bucket_size 64;
 server_names_hash_bucket_size 64;
 types_hash_max_size 2048;
 types_hash_bucket_size 64;
 client_body_buffer_size 608M;
 client_max_body_size 608M;
 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
 include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

Конфиг виртуального хоста /etc/nginx/conf/postfix.conf

server {
       listen 80;
       server_name postfix.megapuper.ru;

       root /srv/www/postfix;
       index index.php;

       access_log /var/log/nginx/postfix.access.log;
       error_log  /var/log/nginx/postfix.error.log;

       location / {
           try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$uri&$args;
       }

       location ~ \.php$ {
           fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:20003;
           fastcgi_index  index.php;
           fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
           fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
           include fastcgi_params;
       }
}

Ставим PHP

# apt install php7.1-fpm php7.1-gd php7.1-imap php7.1-intl php7.1-mbstring php7.1-mcrypt php7.1-mysql

Конфиг для виртуального хоста /etc/php/7.1/fpm/pool.d/postfix.conf

[postfix]
listen = 127.0.0.1:20003
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0660
user = www-data
group = www-data
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 50
pm.start_servers = 5
pm.min_spare_servers = 4
pm.max_spare_servers = 10
pm.max_requests = 100
request_terminate_timeout = 30000s
request_slowlog_timeout = 100m
slowlog = /var/log/php/$pool.slow.log
catch_workers_output = yes
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp
php_admin_flag[display_errors] = off
php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php/$pool.error.log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on

Ставим MySQL

# wget https://repo.percona.com/apt/percona-release_0.1-6.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb
# dpkg -i percona-release_0.1-6.$(lsb_release -sc)_all.deb
# apt update
# apt install percona-server-server-5.7

В конфиг /etc/mysql/percona-server.conf.d/mysqld.cnf добавляем

[mysqld]
bind-address=127.0.0.1

В конфигах, где используется подключение к базе указываем хост 127.0.0.1

После этого имеем готовый web-сервер можно переходить к установке PostfixAdmin

3. Установка PostfixAdmin

Скачиваем последнюю версию отсюда http://sourceforge.net/projects/postfixadmin/ и заливаем на web-сервер

Создаём базу и даём права пользователю

> create database postfix character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
> grant all on postfix.* to postfix@127.0.0.1 identified by 'ПАРОЛЬ';

Правим основной конфиг PostfixAdmin config.inc.php
Spoiler

<?php

$CONF['configured'] = true;

// In order to setup Postfixadmin, you MUST specify a hashed password here.
// To create the hash, visit setup.php in a browser and type a password into the field,
// on submission it will be echoed out to you as a hashed value.
$CONF['setup_password'] = 'пароль_установки';

// Language config
// Language files are located in './languages', change as required..
$CONF['default_language'] = 'ru';

// Hook to override or add translations in $PALANG
// Set to the function name you want to use as hook function (see language_hook example function below)
$CONF['language_hook'] = ;

// Database Config
// mysql = MySQL 3.23 and 4.0, 4.1 or 5
// mysqli = MySQL 4.1+
// pgsql = PostgreSQL
$CONF['database_type'] = 'mysqli';
$CONF['database_host'] = '127.0.0.1';
$CONF['database_user'] = 'postfix';
$CONF['database_password'] = 'ПАРОЛЬ';
$CONF['database_name'] = 'postfix';

// Here, if you need, you can customize table names.
$CONF['database_prefix'] = ;
$CONF['database_tables'] = array (
'admin' => 'admin'
'alias' => 'alias',
'alias_domain' => 'alias_domain',
'config' => 'config',
'domain' => 'domain',
'domain_admins' => 'domain_admins',
'fetchmail' => 'fetchmail',
'log' => 'log',
'mailbox' => 'mailbox',
'vacation' => 'vacation',
'vacation_notification' => 'vacation_notification',
'quota' => 'quota',
'quota2' => 'quota2',
);

// Site Admin
$CONF['admin_email'] = 'postmaster@megapuper.ru';

// Mail Server
$CONF['smtp_server'] = '127.0.0.1';
$CONF['smtp_port'] = '25';

// Encrypt
$CONF['encrypt'] = 'cleartext';

// Password validation
// New/changed passwords will be validated using all regular expressions in the array.
// If a password doesn't match one of the regular expressions, the corresponding
// error message from $PALANG (see languages/) will be displayed.
// If you need custom error messages, you can add them using $CONF['language_hook'].
// If a $PALANG text contains a %s, you can add its value after the $PALANG key
// (separated with a space).
$CONF['password_validation'] = array(
'/.{5}/' => 'password_too_short 5', # minimum length 5 characters
'/([a-zA-Z].*){3}/' => 'password_no_characters 3', # must contain at least 3 characters
'/([0-9].*){2}/' => 'password_no_digits 2', # must contain at least 2 digits
);

// Generate Password

$CONF['generate_password'] = 'NO';

// Show Password

$CONF['show_password'] = 'NO';

// Page Size
// Set the number of entries that you would like to see in one page.
$CONF['page_size'] = '50';

// Default Aliases
//$CONF['default_aliases'] = array (
'abuse' => 'postmaster',
// 'hostmaster' => 'hostmaster@change-this-to-your.domain.tld',
// 'postmaster' => 'postmaster@change-this-to-your.domain.tld',
// 'webmaster' => 'webmaster@change-this-to-your.domain.tld'
);

// Mailboxes
// YES: /usr/local/virtual/domain.tld/username@domain.tld
// NO: /usr/local/virtual/username@domain.tld
$CONF['domain_path'] = 'YES';
// If you don't want to have the domain in your mailbox set this to 'NO'.
// YES: /usr/local/virtual/domain.tld/username@domain.tld
// NO: /usr/local/virtual/domain.tld/username
// Note: If $CONF['domain_path'] is set to NO, this setting will be forced to YES.
$CONF['domain_in_mailbox'] = 'NO';
// If you want to define your own function to generate a maildir path set this to the name of the function.
// - this configuration directive will override both domain_path and domain_in_mailbox
// - the maildir_name_hook() function example is present below, commented out
// - if the function does not exist the program will default to the above domain_path and domain_in_mailbox settings
$CONF['maildir_name_hook'] = 'NO';

$CONF['admin_struct_hook'] = ;

$CONF['domain_struct_hook'] = ;
$CONF['alias_struct_hook'] = ;
$CONF['mailbox_struct_hook'] = ;
$CONF['alias_domain_struct_hook'] = ;

// Default Domain Values
// Specify your default values below. Quota in MB.
$CONF['aliases'] = '0';
$CONF['mailboxes'] = '0';
$CONF['maxquota'] = '0';
$CONF['domain_quota_default'] = '0';

// Quota
// When you want to enforce quota for your mailbox users set this to 'YES'.
$CONF['quota'] = 'YES';
// If you want to enforce domain-level quotas set this to 'YES'.
$CONF['domain_quota'] = 'YES';
// You can either use '1024000' or '1048576'
$CONF['quota_multiplier'] = '1048576';

// Transport
// If you want to define additional transport options for a domain set this to 'YES'.
$CONF['transport'] = 'YES';
// Transport options
// If you want to define additional transport options put them in array below.
$CONF['transport_options'] = array (
'virtual', // for virtual accounts
'local', // for system accounts
'relay' // for backup mx
);
// Transport default
// You should define default transport. It must be in array above.
$CONF['transport_default'] = 'virtual';

// Virtual Vacation Stuff
// If you want to use virtual vacation for you mailbox users set this to 'YES'.
// NOTE: Make sure that you install the vacation module. (See VIRTUAL-VACATION/)
$CONF['vacation'] = 'NO';

// This is the autoreply domain that you will need to set in your Postfix
// transport maps to handle virtual vacations. It does not need to be a
// real domain (i.e. you don't need to setup DNS for it).
// This domain must exclusively be used for vacation. Do NOT use it for "normal" mail addresses.
$CONF['vacation_domain'] = ;

// Vacation Control
// If you want users to take control of vacation set this to 'YES'.
$CONF['vacation_control'] ='NO';

// Vacation Control for admins
// Set to 'YES' if your domain admins should be able to edit user vacation.
$CONF['vacation_control_admin'] = 'YES';

// ReplyType options
// If you want to define additional reply options put them in array below.
// The array has the format seconds between replies => $PALANG text
// Special values for seconds are:
// 0 => only reply to the first mail while on vacation
// 1 => reply on every mail
$CONF['vacation_choice_of_reply'] = array (
0 => 'reply_once', // Sends only Once the message during Out of Office
60*60 *24*7 => 'reply_once_per_week' // Reply if last autoreply was at least a week ago
);
// End Vacation Stuff.

// Users Control for Domain Admin
// Set to "Yes" if your domain admins schould be able to edit field userscontrole in table domain
// Userscontrol is edited in admin_create-domain.tpl and admin_edit-domain.tpl
// Userscontrol is default set to on when creating a domain
$CONF['users_domain_controle'] = 'YES';

// Alias Control
// Alias control for superadmins
$CONF['alias_control'] = 'YES';

// Alias Control for domain admins
$CONF['alias_control_admin'] = 'YES';

// Special Alias Control
// Set to 'NO' if your domain admins shouldn't be able to edit the default aliases
// as defined in $CONF['default_aliases']
$CONF['special_alias_control'] = 'NO';

// Alias Goto Field Limit
// Set the max number of entries that you would like to see
// in one 'goto' field in overview, the rest will be hidden and "[and X more...]" will be added.
// '0' means no limits.
$CONF['alias_goto_limit'] = '0';

// Alias Domains
// Alias domains allow to "mirror" aliases and mailboxes to another domain. This makes
// configuration easier if you need the same set of aliases on multiple domains, but
// also requires postfix to do more database queries.
// Note: If you update from 2.2.x or earlier, you will have to update your postfix configuration.
// Set to 'NO' to disable alias domains.
$CONF['alias_domain'] = 'YES';

// Backup
// If you don't want backup tab set this to 'NO';
//$CONF['backup'] = 'YES';

// Send Mail
// If you don't want sendmail tab set this to 'NO';
//$CONF['sendmail'] = 'YES';

// Logging
// If you don't want logging set this to 'NO';
$CONF['logging'] = 'YES';

// Fetchmail
// If you don't want fetchmail tab set this to 'NO';
//$CONF['fetchmail'] = 'YES';

// fetchmail_extra_options allows users to specify any fetchmail options and any MDA
// (it will even accept 'rm -rf /' as MDA!)
// This should be set to NO, except if you *really* trust *all* your users.
$CONF['fetchmail_extra_options'] = 'YES';

// Header
$CONF['show_header_text'] = 'YES';
$CONF['header_text'] = ':: Postfix Admin ::';

// Footer
$CONF['show_footer_text'] = 'YES';
$CONF['footer_text'] = 'Return to postfix.megapuper.ru';
$CONF['footer_link'] = 'http://postfix.megapuper.ru/';

// MOTD ("Motto of the day")
// You can display a MOTD below the menu on all pages.
// This can be configured seperately for users, domain admins and superadmins
$CONF['motd_user'] = ;
$CONF['motd_admin'] = ;
$CONF['motd_superadmin'] = ;

// Welcome Message
// This message is send to every newly created mailbox.
// Change the text between EOM.
$CONF['welcome_text'] = <<<EOM
Hi,

Welcome to your new account.

EOM;

// When creating mailboxes or aliases, check that the domain-part of the
// address is legal by performing a name server look-up.
$CONF['emailcheck_resolve_domain']='NO';

// Optional:
//set to YES to enable this feature
$CONF['show_status']='YES';
//display a guide to what these colors mean
$CONF['show_status_key']='YES';
// 'show_status_text' will be displayed with the background colors
// associated with each status, you can customize it here
$CONF['show_status_text']=' ';
// show_undeliverable is useful if most accounts are delivered to this
// postfix system. If many aliases and mailboxes are forwarded
// elsewhere, you will probably want to disable this.
$CONF['show_undeliverable']='YES';
$CONF['show_undeliverable_color']='tomato';
// mails to these domains will never be flagged as undeliverable
$CONF['show_undeliverable_exceptions']=array("unixmail.domain.ext","exchangeserver.domain.ext");
$CONF['show_popimap']='YES';
$CONF['show_popimap_color']='darkgrey';
// you can assign special colors to some domains. To do this,
// - add the domain to show_custom_domains
// - add the corresponding color to show_custom_colors
$CONF['show_custom_domains']=array("megapuper.ru","localhost");
$CONF['show_custom_colors']=array("lightgreen","lightblue");
// If you use a recipient_delimiter in your postfix config, you can also honor it when aliases are checked.
// Example: $CONF['recipient_delimiter'] = "+";
// Set to "" to disable this check.
$CONF['recipient_delimiter'] = "+";

// Optional:
// Script to run after creation of mailboxes.
$CONF['mailbox_postcreation_script'] = '/srv/www/postfix/scripts/addmail.sh';

// Optional:
// Script to run after alteration of mailboxes.
$CONF['mailbox_postedit_script'] = '/srv/www/postfix/scripts/editmail.sh';

// Optional:
// Script to run after deletion of mailboxes.
$CONF['mailbox_postdeletion_script'] = '/srv/www/postfix/scripts/delmail.sh';

// Optional:
// Script to run after creation of domains.
$CONF['domain_postcreation_script'] = '/srv/www/postfix/scripts/domainadd.sh';

// Optional:
// Script to run after deletion of domains.
$CONF['domain_postdeletion_script'] = '/srv/www/postfix/scripts/domaindel.sh';

// Optional:
// Sub-folders which should automatically be created for new users.
// The sub-folders will also be subscribed to automatically.
$CONF['create_mailbox_subdirs'] = array('Archive', 'Drafts', 'Sent', 'Trash');
$CONF['create_mailbox_subdirs_host']='127.0.0.1'; // // Specify for Dovecot and 'INBOX.' for Courier.
$CONF['create_mailbox_subdirs_prefix']=;

// Optional:
// Show used quotas from Dovecot dictionary backend in virtual
// mailbox listing.
$CONF['used_quotas'] = 'YES';

// if you use dovecot >= 1.2, set this to yes.
// Note about dovecot config: table "quota" is for 1.0 & 1.1, table "quota2" is for dovecot 1.2 and newer
$CONF['new_quota_table'] = 'YES';

// Normally, the TCP port number does not have to be specified.
$CONF['create_mailbox_subdirs_hostport']=143;
// If you have trouble connecting to the IMAP-server, then specify
// a value for $CONF['create_mailbox_subdirs_hostoptions']. These
// are some examples to experiment with:
$CONF['create_mailbox_subdirs_hostoptions'] = array('novalidate-cert','norsh');

// Theme Config
// Specify your own logo and CSS file
$CONF['theme_logo'] = 'images/logo-default.png';
$CONF['theme_css'] = 'css/default.css';
// If you want to customize some styles without editing the $CONF['theme_css'] file,
// you can add a custom CSS file. It will be included after $CONF['theme_css'].
$CONF['theme_custom_css'] = ;

// XMLRPC Interface.
// This should be only of use if you wish to use e.g the
// Postfixadmin-Squirrelmail package
// change to boolean true to enable xmlrpc
$CONF['xmlrpc_enabled'] = false;

// If you want to keep most settings at default values and/or want to ensure
// that future updates work without problems, you can use a separate config
// file (config.local.php) instead of editing this file and override some
// settings there.
if (file_exists(dirname(__FILE__) . '/config.local.php')) {
include(dirname(__FILE__) . '/config.local.php');
}

// END OF CONFIG FILE

Выставляем права

# chown -R www-data:www-data /srv/www/postfix

Теперь заходим на http://postfixadmin/setup.php и видим, что запустилась установка
Если все условия установки выполнены, то в базе создадутся необходимые таблицы и будет предложено создать суперадмина.

В поле Setup password вводим пароль из config.inc.php: $CONF['setup_password'] = 'пароль_установки';
Заполняем остальные поля, и после нажатия кнопки Создать сгенерится хэш.

Этот хеш надо вставить в config.inc.php вместо пароля установки: $CONF['setup_password'] = 'хеш';
Повторяем процедуру заведения суперадмина используя пароль_установки

После создания суперадмина временно оставляем PostfixAdmin(так как без postfix и dovecot ящики создаваться не будут)

4. Установка Postfix

# apt install postfix postfix-mysql

Правим основные конфиги postfix
первый /etс/postfix/main.cf
Spoiler

второй конфиг/etс/postfix/master.cf
Spoiler

# ==========================================================================
# service type  private unpriv  chroot  wakeup  maxproc command + args
#               (yes)   (yes)   (yes)   (never) (100)
# ==========================================================================
smtp      inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
#smtp      inet  n       -       n       -       1       postscreen
#smtpd     pass  -       -       n       -       -       smtpd
#dnsblog   unix  -       -       n       -       0       dnsblog
#tlsproxy  unix  -       -       n       -       0       tlsproxy
#submission inet n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
#  -o syslog_name=postfix/submission
#  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
#  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
#  -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
#  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
#  -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#smtps     inet  n       -       n       -       -       smtpd
#  -o syslog_name=postfix/smtps
#  -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
#  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
#  -o smtpd_reject_unlisted_recipient=no
#  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=$mua_client_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_helo_restrictions=$mua_helo_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_sender_restrictions=$mua_sender_restrictions
#  -o smtpd_recipient_restrictions=
#   -o smtpd_relay_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
#  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
#628       inet  n       -       n       -       -       qmqpd
pickup    unix  n       -       n       60      1       pickup
cleanup   unix  n       -       n       -       0       cleanup
qmgr      unix  n       -       n       300     1       qmgr
tlsmgr    unix  -       -       n       1000?   1       tlsmgr
rewrite   unix  -       -       n       -       -       trivial-rewrite
bounce    unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce
defer     unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce
trace     unix  -       -       n       -       0       bounce
verify    unix  -       -       n       -       1       verify
flush     unix  n       -       n       1000?   0       flush
proxymap  unix  -       -       n       -       -       proxymap
proxywrite unix -       -       n       -       1       proxymap
smtp      unix  -       -       n       -       -       smtp
relay     unix  -       -       n       -       -       smtp
#       -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5
showq     unix  n       -       n       -       -       showq
error     unix  -       -       n       -       -       error
retry     unix  -       -       n       -       -       error
discard   unix  -       -       n       -       -       discard
local     unix  -       n       n       -       -       local
virtual   unix  -       n       n       -       -       virtual
lmtp      unix  -       -       n       -       -       lmtp
anvil     unix  -       -       n       -       1       anvil
scache    unix  -       -       n       -       1       scache
# ====================================================================
# Interfaces to non-Postfix software.
# ====================================================================
#maildrop  unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
# ============================ =======================================
# Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry.
#
# Specify in cyrus.conf:
#   lmtp    cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4
#
# Specify in main.cf one or more of the following:
#  mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#  virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost
#
# ====================================================================
#
# Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux)
# Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1
#
# cyrus     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
#  Old example of delivery via Cyrus.
#
#old-cyrus unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user}
#
# ====================================================================
#
# See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details.
#
#uucp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient)
# 
# ====================================================================
#
# Other external delivery methods.
# 
#ifmail    unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient)
#
#bsmtp     unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/local/sbin/bsmtp -f $sender $nexthop $recipient
#
# scalemail-backend unix -       n       n       -       2       pipe
#  flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store
#  ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension}
#
#mailman   unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
#  flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py
#  ${nexthop} ${user}

Создаём таблицы данных формата "hash" и базы с помощью команды postmap
Необходимо создать файлы и базы со списками, которые были подключены в конфиге выше, даже если они будут пустыми

# touch aliases_lmtp
# touch aliases_smtp_output
# postmap aliases_lmtp
# postmap aliases_smtp_output

Создаём файлы, хранящие SQL-запросы, проверяя имена таблиц и полей (в очередной версии PostfixAdmin они могут измениться)

[/etc/postfix/maps/mysql_virtual_maps.cf]

user = postfix
password = ПАРОЛЬ
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT username FROM mailbox WHERE username='%s' AND active = '1'

[/etc/postfix/maps/mysql_virtual_domains.cf]

user = postfix
password = ПАРОЛЬ
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT domain FROM domain WHERE domain = '%s' AND backupmx = '0' AND active = '1'

[/etc/postfix/maps/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf]

user = postfix
password = ПАРОЛЬ
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT goto FROM alias WHERE address='%s' AND active = '1'

[/etc/postfix/maps/mysql_virtual_alias_domain_maps.cf]

user = postfix
password = ПАРОЛЬ
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT CONCAT('%u', '@', target_domain) FROM alias_domain WHERE alias_domain = '%d' AND active = 1

Следующие два необязательны, если не будем делать сохранение копий всех писем

[/etc/postfix/maps/mysql_bcc_domain_maps.cf]

user = postfix
password = ПАРОЛЬ
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT 'bccsnd+bccflag@megapuper.ru' FROM domain WHERE domain='%d' AND active = '1'

[/etc/postfix/maps/mysql_bcc_mailbox_maps.cf]

user = postfix
password = ПАРОЛЬ
hosts = 127.0.0.1
dbname = postfix
query = SELECT CONCAT('%u', '+bccflag', '@', '%d') FROM mailbox WHERE username='%s' AND active = '1'

Выставляем права на конфиги

# chgrp postfix /etc/postfix/*.cf
# chgrp postfix /etc/postfix/maps/*.cf
# chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r /etc/postfix/*.cf
# chmod u=rw,g=r,o=r /etc/postfix/maps/*.cf

Рестартим postfix

# service postfix restart

5. Установка Dovecot

Dovecot и плагины

# apt install dovecot-core dovecot-mysql dovecot-imapd dovecot-lmtpd dovecot-sieve dovecot-managesieved

Создаём сопутствуюшие папки

# mkdir /var/log/dovecot
# mkdir -p /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/global/
# mkdir -p /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/private/

Выставляем права

# chown -R vmail /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/private/
# chmod -R 700 /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/private/

Правим конфиги dovecot

[/etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf]

# Enable installed protocols
protocols = imap lmtp sieve
dict {
#quota = mysql:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-auth.conf.ext
#expire = sqlite:/etc/dovecot/dovecot-dict-sql.conf.ext
}
!include conf.d/*.conf

[/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext]

driver = mysql
connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=postfix user=postfix password=ПАРОЛЬ
default_pass_scheme = PLAIN
#default_pass_scheme = PLAIN-MD5
#   %u = entire user@domain
#   %n = user part of user@domain
#   %d = domain part of user@domain

#одной строкой без переносов
password_query = SELECT username as user, password, '%u' AS userdb_master_user, CONCAT('/var/spool/mail/', maildir) AS userdb_home, 20003 AS userdb_uid, 20003 AS userdb_gid, CONCAT('*:storage=', quota, 'B')
as userdb_quota_rule FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active = '1'

#одной строкой без переносов
user_query = SELECT CONCAT('/var/spool/mail/', maildir) AS home, 20003 AS uid, 20003 AS gid, CONCAT('*:storage=', quota, 'B') as quota_rule FROM mailbox WHERE username = '%u' AND active ='1'

[/etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql-master.conf.ext]

driver = mysql
#default_pass_scheme = PLAIN-MD5
default_pass_scheme = PLAIN
connect = host=127.0.0.1 dbname=postfix user=postfix password=ПАРОЛЬ
password_query = SELECT username AS user, password FROM admin WHERE username = '%u' AND active = '1'

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf]

# Connect only after start SSL/TLS
# If not local network only !
disable_plaintext_auth = no
auth_cache_size = 1M
auth_cache_negative_ttl = 0
auth_username_chars = abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234567890.-_@
auth_master_user_separator = *
auth_mechanisms = plain

!include auth-sql.conf.ext

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-director.conf]

service director {
  unix_listener login/director {
    #mode = 0666
  }
  fifo_listener login/proxy-notify {
    #mode = 0666
  }
  unix_listener director-userdb {
    #mode = 0600
  }
  inet_listener {
    #port =
  }
}
# Enable director for the wanted login services by telling them to
# connect to director socket instead of the default login socket:
service imap-login {
  #executable = imap-login director
}

#service pop3-login {
  #executable = pop3-login director
#}

# Enable director for LMTP proxying:
protocol lmtp {
  #auth_socket_path = director-userdb
}

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-logging.conf]

# Log file to use for error messages. "syslog" logs to syslog,
# /dev/stderr logs to stderr.
log_path = /var/log/dovecot/dovecot.log
info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot/dovecot-info.log
debug_log_path = /var/log/dovecot/dovecot-debug.log
auth_verbose = yes
auth_verbose_passwords = yes
auth_debug = no
auth_debug_passwords = no
mail_debug = yes
verbose_ssl = no

#plugin {
#}
#log_timestamp = "%b %d %H:%M:%S "
#login_log_format_elements = user=<%u> method=%m rip=%r lip=%l mpid=%e %c
#login_log_format = %$: %s
#mail_log_prefix = "%s(%u): "
#  Format to use for logging mail deliveries. You can use variables:
#  %$ - Delivery status message (e.g. "saved to INBOX")
#  %m - Message-ID
#  %s - Subject
#  %f - From address
#  %p - Physical size
#  %w - Virtual size
#deliver_log_format = msgid=%m: %$

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf]

mail_location = maildir:/var/spool/mail/%d/%n:INBOX=/var/spool/mail/%d/%n

namespace inbox {
  type = private
  separator = /
  prefix =
  inbox = yes
  hidden = no
  list = yes
  subscriptions = yes
}

mail_uid = 20003
mail_gid = 20003

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf]

service imap-login {
 inet_listener imap {
  address = *
  port = 143
  #ssl = yes
 }
 inet_listener imaps {
  #port = 993
  #ssl = yes
 }

}

service lmtp {
  unix_listener lmtp {
  path = /var/spool/postfix/private/dovecot-lmtp
  group = postfix
  user = postfix
  mode = 0666
 }
 executable = lmtp -L
}

service auth {
  unix_listener auth {
  path = /var/spool/postfix/private/auth
  user = postfix
  group = postfix
  mode = 0660
 }
 user = $default_internal_user
}

service auth-worker {
  user = $default_internal_user
}

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/15-lda.conf]

postmaster_address = postmaster@megapuper.ru
hostname = mail.megapuper.ru
#rejection_subject = Rejected: %s
#  %n = CRLF, %r = reason, %s = original subject, %t = recipient
rejection_reason = Your message to <%t> was automatically rejected:%n%r

protocol lda {
  mail_plugins = sieve
  log_path = /var/log/dovecot/mail-dovecot-lda-errors.log
  info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot/mail-dovecot-lda.log
}

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-imap.conf]

protocol imap {
 mail_plugins = $mail_plugins imap_quota mail_log notify quota
 info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot/dovecot-imap.log
 mail_max_userip_connections = 100
 #ssl_cert = </etc/dovecot/ssl.cert.pem
 #ssl_key = </etc/dovecot/ssl.key.pem

}

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-lmtp.conf]

protocol lmtp {
 mail_plugins = $mail_plugins quota sieve
 postmaster_address = postmaster@megapuper.ru
 info_log_path = /var/log/dovecot/dovecot-lmtp.log
}

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/20-managesieve.conf]

service managesieve-login {
  inet_listener sieve {
  address = 127.0.0.1
  port = 4190
}
 service_count = 1
 vsz_limit = 64M
}
#mail_plugins = virtual
#protocol sieve {
 #managesieve_max_line_length = 65536
 #mail_max_userip_connections = 10
 #mail_plugins = virtual
 # MANAGESIEVE logout format string:
 #  %i - total number of bytes read from client
 #  %o - total number of bytes sent to client
 #managesieve_logout_format = bytes=%i/%o
 #managesieve_implementation_string = Dovecot Pigeonhole
 #managesieve_sieve_capability =
 #managesieve_notify_capability =
 #managesieve_max_compile_errors = 5
#}

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/90-quota.conf]

plugin {
  quota = dict:user::file:/var/spool/mail/%d/%n/dovecot-quota
  quota_rule = *:storage=1GB
  quota_rule2 = Trash:storage=+10%%
}

# Note that % needs to be escaped as %%, otherwise "% " expands to empty.
plugin {
  #quota_warning = storage=95%% quota-warning 95 %u
  #quota_warning2 = storage=80%% quota-warning 80 %u
}

plugin {
  #quota = dirsize:User quota
  #quota = maildir:User quota
  #quota = dict:User quota::proxy::quota
  #quota = fs:User quota
}

plugin {
  #quota = dict:user::proxy::quota
  #quota2 = dict:domain:%d:proxy::quota_domain
  #quota_rule = *:storage=102400
  #quota2_rule = *:storage=1048576
}

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/90-sieve.conf]

plugin {
 sieve_user_log = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/private/%d/%n/.main.peronal.log
 sieve = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/private/%d/%n/.main.personal.sieve
 #sieve_default = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/default.sieve
 sieve_dir = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/private/%d/%n/
 sieve_global_dir = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/global/
 #sieve_before2 =
 sieve_before = /var/lib/dovecot/sieve/global/incoming_deduplicate.sieve
 #sieve_after =
 #sieve_after2 =
 sieve_extensions = +editheader
 sieve_global_extensions = +vnd.dovecot.duplicate
 sieve_duplicate_period = 1d
 #sieve_plugins =
 recipient_delimiter = +
 #sieve_max_script_size = 1M
 #sieve_max_actions = 32
 #sieve_max_redirects = 4
 #sieve_quota_max_scripts = 0
 #sieve_quota_max_storage = 0
}

[/etc/dovecot/conf.d/auth-sql.conf.ext]

auth_master_user_separator = *
#auth_debug = yes
passdb {
  driver = sql
  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql-master.conf.ext
  master = yes
  pass = yes
}
passdb {
  driver = sql
  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
  #default_fields = userdb_gid=20003 userdb_uid=20003
}
userdb {
  driver = prefetch
}
userdb {
  driver = sql
  args = /etc/dovecot/dovecot-sql.conf.ext
  #default_fields = uid=20003 gid=20003
}

Меняем права и владельца конфигов:

# chgrp vmail /etc/dovecot/*.conf
# chmod g+r /etc/dovecot/*.conf
# chgrp vmail /etc/dovecot/*.ext
# chmod g+r /etc/dovecot/*.ext
# chgrp vmail /etc/dovecot/conf.d/*.conf
# chmod g+r /etc/dovecot/conf.d/*.conf
# chgrp vmail /etc/dovecot/conf.d/*.ext
# chmod g+r /etc/dovecot/conf.d/*.ext

Теперь можно вернуться к PostfixAdmin и приступить к созданию доменов и ящиков

Папка для логов

# mkdir /var/log/postfixadmin
# chown www-data:www-data /var/log/postfixadmin

Копируем скрипты в /srv/www/postfix/scripts/

[addmail.sh]

#!/bin/sh
daten=`date -R`
printf "$daten \n CREATE mailbox: $1\n Domain: $2\n MailDir: $3\n Quota: $4 B\n\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/addmailbox.log

[delmail.sh]

#!/bin/sh
daten=`date -R`
printf "$daten \n DELETE mailbox: $1\n Domain: $2\n\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

[domainadd.sh]

#!/bin/sh
daten=`date -R`
printf "$daten \n CREATE Domain: $1\n\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/domainadd.log

[domaindel.sh]

#!/bin/sh
daten=`date -R`
printf "$daten \n DELETE Domain: $1\n\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/domaindel.log

[editmail.sh]

#!/bin/sh
daten=`date -R`
#del RoundCube user:
host="127.0.0.1"
user="_ROUNDCUBE_SQL_USER_ "
pass="_ROUNDCUBE_SQL_PASSWORD_"
db="_ROUNDCUBE_SQL_BASE_"

sql="SELECT user_id FROM users WHERE username = '$1'"
RES=`mysql --host=$host --port=3306 --user=$user --password=$pass --database=$db --execute="$sql"`

printf "$daten \n DELETE mailbox: $1\n Domain: $2\n MailDir: $3\n Quota: $4 B\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log
printf " >>> RoundCube SQL-query START \n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

for i in $RES; do
if [ "$i" != "user_id" ]; then
printf " ! FOUND RECORD: USER_ID = $i ! ( $1 )\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

# Find user_id:
printf " SQL: $sql \n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

# Delete user from Cache:
sql="DELETE FROM cache WHERE user_id = $i"
RESD=`mysql --host=$host --port=3306 --user=$user --password=$pass --database=$db --execute="$sql"`
printf " SQL: $sql\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

# Delete user from ContactGroupMembers:
sql="DELETE FROM contactgroupmembers WHERE contactgroup_id IN (SELECT contactgroup_id FROM contactgroups WHERE user_id = $i)"
RESD=`mysql --host=$host --port=3306 --user=$user --password=$pass --database=$db --execute="$sql"`
printf " SQL: $sql\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

# Delete user from ContactGroups:
sql="DELETE FROM contactgroups WHERE user_id = $i"
RESD=`mysql --host=$host --port=3306 --user=$user --password=$pass --database=$db --execute="$sql"`
printf " SQL: $sql\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

# Delete user from Contacts:
sql="DELETE FROM contacts WHERE user_id = $i"
RESD=`mysql --host=$host --port=3306 --user=$user --password=$pass --database=$db --execute="$sql"`
printf " SQL: $sql\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

# Delete user from Identities:
sql="DELETE FROM identities WHERE user_id = $i"
RESD=`mysql --host=$host --port=3306 --user=$user --password=$pass --database=$db --execute="$sql"`
printf " SQL: $sql\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

# Delete user from Cache Messages
sql="DELETE FROM cache_messages WHERE user_id = $i"
RESD=`mysql --host=$host --port=3306 --user=$user --password=$pass --database=$db --execute="$sql"`
printf " SQL: $sql\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

# Delete user from Cache Thread
sql="DELETE FROM cache_thread WHERE user_id = $i"
RESD=`mysql --host=$host --port=3306 --user=$user --password=$pass --database=$db --execute="$sql"`
printf " SQL: $sql\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

# Delete user from Users:
sql="DELETE FROM users WHERE user_id = $i"
RESD=`mysql --host=$host --port=3306 --user=$user --password=$pass --database=$db --execute="$sql"`
printf " SQL: $sql\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log
fi
done
printf " >>> RoundCube SQL-query END \n\n" >> /var/log/postfixadmin/delmailbox.log

Даём права

# chown -R www-data:www-data /srv/www/postfix/scripts/
# chmod 744 addmail.sh delmail.sh domainadd.sh domaindel.sh editmail.sh

Создаём папку для почты

# mkdir /var/spool/mail
# chown -R vmail:vmail /var/spool/mail

Рестартим postfix и dovecot

Создаём в postfixadmin домен и ящики, проверяем хождение почты.

6. Roundcube

Качаем отсюда нужную версию и распаковываем её в папку на веб-сервере

Примерный конфиг nginx

 server {
        listen 80;
        server_name webmail.megapuper.ru;

root /srv/www/roundcube;
        index index.php index.html index.htm;

        access_log /var/log/nginx/roundcube.access.log;
        error_log  /var/log/nginx/roundcube.error.log;

location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$uri&$args;
        }

location ~ \.php$ {
    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:20003;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root/$fastcgi_script_name;
    fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
    include fastcgi_params;
        }
    }

Конфиг php

[roundcube]
listen = 127.0.0.1:20003
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
listen.owner = www-data
listen.group = www-data
listen.mode = 0660
user = $pool
group = $pool
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 4
pm.start_servers = 2
pm.min_spare_servers = 1
pm.max_spare_servers = 3
pm.max_requests = 100
;pm.status_path = /status/php-fpm/$pool
request_terminate_timeout = 0
request_slowlog_timeout = 1m
slowlog = /var/log/php/$pool.slow.log
catch_workers_output = yes

Создаём базу и заводим пользователя

> create database roundcube character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
> grant all privileges on roundcube.* to roundcube@127.0.0.1 identified by 'ПАРОЛЬ';

Заходим http://webmail.megapuper.ru/installer/ и далее по тексту

7. SPF

SPF - это фактически список серверов которым будет разрешено отправлять почту от имени нашего домена

Прописывает в DNS путём добавления TXT-записи

megapuper.ru. 1440 TXT "v=spf1 a mx ip4:109.172.52.114 ~all"

Опции:

"v=spf1" - используемая версия SPF.
"+" - принимать корреспонденцию (Pass). Этот параметр установлен по умолчанию. То есть, если никаких параметров не установлено, то это "Pass";
"-" - Отклонить (Fail);
"~" - "мягкое" отклонение (SoftFail). Письмо будет принято, но будет помечено как СПАМ;
"?" - нейтральное отношение;
"mx" - включает в себя все адреса серверов, указанные в MX-записях домена;
"ip4" - опция позволяет указать конкретный IP-адрес или сеть адресов;
"a" - указываем поведение в случае получения письма от конкретного домена;
"include" - включает в себя хосты, разрешенные SPF-записью указанного домена;
"all" - все остальные сервера, не перечисленные в SPF-записи.

Отправляем письмо на какую-нибудь гуглопочту и проверяем
При просмотре оригинала письма с заголовками у получателя, увидим такие строчки

Received-SPF: pass (google.com: domain of finston@megapuper.ru designates 109.172.52.114 as permitted sender) client-ip=109.172.52.114;
Authentication-Results: mx.google.com;
      spf=pass (google.com: domain of finston@megapuper.ru

Или здесь http://dkimvalidator.com/

8. DKIM

DKIM - цифровая подпись, которая добавляется к заголовкам письма сервером отправителя, по которой сервер получателя может удостовериться, что отправитель письма соответствует полю From в заголовках письма.

Ставим opendkim и тулзы

# apt install opendkim opendkim-tools

Добавляем пользователя в группу

# usermod -aG opendkim vmail

Создаём папку для ключей

# mkdir /etc/opendkim/

Подготавливаем конфиг /etc/opendkim.conf

Socket                  inet:8891@localhost
PidFile                 /var/run/opendkim/opendkim.pid
UserID                  opendkim:opendkim
UMask                   002
Syslog                  yes
SyslogSuccess           yes
# на время отладки включим расширенное логирование
LogWhy                  yes
SoftwareHeader          yes
Canonicalization        relaxed/relaxed
# подпись и проверка подписей
#Mode                   sv
# если только подписываем
Mode                    s

# список ключей
KeyTable file:/etc/opendkim/keytable
# соответствие адресов/доменов и ключей
SigningTable file:/etc/opendkim/signingtable
# если подписываем и на других серверах
#ExternalIgnoreList file:/etc/opendkim/trusted
# список внутренних хостов, почта которых требует подписи
InternalHosts file:/etc/opendkim/internal

Генерируем ключ

# opendkim-genkey -D /etc/opendkim/ -d megapuper.ru -s megapuper

Прописываем ключ в /etc/opendkim/keytable

megapuper._domainkey.megapuper.ru megapuper.ru:megapuper:/etc/opendkim/megapuper.private

Соответствие адреса и ключа /etc/opendkim/signingtable

megapuper.ru megapuper._domainkey.megapuper.ru

Список хостов, почта которых требует подписи /etc/opendkim/internal

108.195.52.173
32.210.209.35
192.168.0.7
192.168.100.120
127.0.0.1

Выставляем права

# chown -R opendkim:vmail /etc/opendkim/

Подключаем в postfix /etc/postfix/main.cf

milter_default_action = accept
smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891
non_smtpd_milters = inet:localhost:8891

Прописываем в DNS TXT-запись из сгенерённого megapuper.txt

megapuper._domainkey IN TXT "v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDGECRuiaVV2Z8BMwCXp0yoai4IqWQJw/gAa+Qp5BC"

Проверяем всё ли правильно

# opendkim-testkey -vvv -d megapuper.ru -s megapuper -k /etc/opendkim/megapuper.private

Проверка DNS-записи

# dig @8.8.8.8 megapuper._domainkey.megapuper.ru TXT +short
или
# host -t TXT megapuper._domainkey.megapuper.ru 8.8.8.8

Далее стартуем/рестартуем сервисы

# service opendkim restart
# service postfix restart

Снова отправляем письмо на гуглопочту и проверяем
В логах увидим, что opendkim отработал

Oct 19 17:36:51 mail postfix/cleanup[1472]: 4124D4E732: message-id=<op.x6rb05dw73xu59@ws0037>
Oct 19 17:36:51 mail opendkim[1451]: 4124D4E732: DKIM-Signature field added (s=megapuper, d=megapuper.ru)
Oct 19 17:36:51 mail postfix/qmgr[1352]: 4124D4E732: from=<finston@megapuper.ru>, size=702, nrcpt=1 (queue active)

При просмотре оригинала письма с заголовками у получателя, увидим такие строчки

Authentication-Results: mx.google.com;
      dkim=pass header.i=@megapuper.ru
DKIM-Filter: OpenDKIM Filter v2.10.3 mail.megapuper.ru 4124D4E732
DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=megapuper.ru;

s=megapuper; t=1445265411; bh=rTOBSfI4+dnRHaqML+b7IT3SM2GI+FE6G0AOa/+zdEc=; h=To:Subject:Date:From; b=Ofgjyx6SPMtwF2o7EAIJTXG67RLcJHfNlUeyEDBAB9kesrz9t0gYz22NB54T+v1Wo tQ+P7b60eoI4rgEZtZPwA3iXZgOWwtdUhiGob6MFgkRm0kB2T8L0O+AtNhusQD3LSf 0xGaJDLd2r/BbS/xwe3fMFUVQOJ5nLQctqmCm5HE=

Или здесь http://dkimvalidator.com/

Пересылка входящей почты на другой ящик

Требуется пересылать входящую почту с ящика test@megapuper.ru на test@mail.ru

Добавляем в /etc/postfix/main.cf

recipient_bcc_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/recipient_bcc

В этот файл /etc/postfix/recipient_bcc прописываем с какого ящика на какой пересылать

test@megapuper.ru test@mail.ru

Выполняем

postmap /etc/postfix/recipient_bcc
postfix reload

Проверяем

Вуаля. Пока всё.

Почтовый сервер Postfix, Dovecot — различия между версиями

Текущая версия на 22:50, 6 марта 2022

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